This manual is a comprehensive guide to the study of plant cells and various physiological and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and function. Aimed at students, researchers, and educators in the fields of botany and plant biology, it covers a broad spectrum of topics including the structure and distribution of stomata, imbibition, osmosis, plasmolysis, transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient analysis. As plant cells form the foundational building blocks of plant life, understanding their structure and functions provides crucial insights into broader plant processes that are essential for agricultural productivity, ecological balance, and the understanding of environmental responses. The topics covered in this manual provide both theoretical and practical knowledge, allowing readers to grasp the complexities of plant physiology through an integrated approach. The experimental methods detailed, such as the measurement of root pressure, the rate of transpiration, separation of photosynthetic pigments using paper chromatography, and the estimation of relative water content, offer hands-on techniques that aid in the application of knowledge in real-world scientific investigations. With advancements in technology, the manual also delves into cutting-edge techniques, such as the use of Infra-Red Gas Analyzers (IRGA) to measure photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. This work is designed to serve as a valuable resource for those wishing to explore the fascinating world of plant physiology and biochemistry. It is my hope that this practical manual will inspire a deeper understanding and appreciation of plant life and contribute to further research and discovery in this ever-evolving field.